Pure electric vehicle ( pev ) whose energy source is power battery loaded on the vehicle is a kind of zero emission vehicle ( zev ) 純電動(dòng)汽車是由車載動(dòng)力電池作為能量源的零排放汽車,其動(dòng)力電池組儲(chǔ)存的電能將直接影響著電動(dòng)汽車的續(xù)駛里程。
Engine operating conditions cold be changed quickly and are very bad sometimes, such as : from suddenly cranking to driving in winter, acceleration to sudden torque demand . in the light of zero emission vehicles, in order to achieve better hot efficiency, maximum power, higher safety and best emission, engine controls become more and more difficult . automotive engines are typical nonlinear, time-delay, time-varying parameter systems 汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)使用環(huán)境變化大,使用條件有時(shí)非常惡劣,從寒冷的冬天突然啟動(dòng)進(jìn)入行駛狀態(tài),行駛過(guò)程中的突然加速,急劇的扭矩變化等等,在這樣的條件下,為了使其熱效率、輸出功率、行駛性、安全性和排氣清潔性處于最佳狀態(tài),給汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的控制帶來(lái)了極大的困難,特別是零排放汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提出,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制提出了更高的要求。